Nine Elements of Digital Citizenship

• Nine Elements of Digital Citizenship
  • Key Idea: appropriate & responsible use of technology as a "norm" in society - post by Kori Hinkle
  • There must be an "etiquette" used, in order to keep order, therefore laws governing the "tech" world. - post by LINDA RANDOLPH
  • Definition and site all about digital citizenship. - post by Ryan Smith
  • Second definition resource for digital security. - post by Ryan Smith
  • (Ten Cs) Score: 98 Everything is clearly defined and stated. This is where I would start in my Digital experience. - post by Kimberly Mathis
  • 1.   Digital Access:   full electronic participation in society.
  • 2.   Digital Commerce:   electronic buying and selling of goods.
  • 3.   Digital Communication:   electronic exchange of information.
  • 4.   Digital Literacy:   process of teaching and learning about technology and the use of technology.
  • 5. Digital Etiquette:   electronic standards of conduct or procedure.
  • 6.   Digital Law:   electronic responsibility for actions and deeds
  • 7.   Digital Rights & Responsibilities:   those freedoms extended to everyone in a digital world.
  • 8.   Digital Health & Wellness:   physical and psychological well-being in a digital technology world.
  • 9.   Digital Security (self-protection):   electronic precautions to guarantee safety.

Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.

Pros and Cons of Social Media in the Classroom

Image found at this link

             Social media is a hot button topic in schools. Teachers feel their students involvement with social media can be a distraction to students. Also, Administrators are afraid of the consequences of allowing students to access their social media in school. Many schools ban or block social media sites from computers logged on to the network. This is a highly debated topic but it is a topic that needs to be discussed. Social media has become a part of the students daily life and will play a role in their professional lives. Their social interactions flow simultaneous from the virtual world to the real world because they have access to all their social needs at the click of a button or the touch of a keyboard. Students do not even need to be connected to the school's network to access their media because of data plans. Schools will need to decide how to incorporate social media to educate students rather than expend energy to stop them from accessing it.

          I have experienced the change in the use of social media at my own high school during my short teaching career. I remember when our school blocked  YouTube and  Facebook even for teachers who wanted to use YouTube videos in the classroom. I also remember when they first stopped blocking Facebook and the amount of fights in school doubled in the first month. Now the school does not block these social media sites and instead uses them to reach out to the community. The school has a Facebook page and a YouTube channel. The school is active on twitter and many classes use social media. I have recently started having students write tweets and it is amazing to see the knowledge of content they show using a media that they can relate too. I have never laughed so hard at the hashtags about the French Revolution. Social media definitely can be used to educate students but there are pros and cons to integrating social media into the classroom.              

             Social Media should be incorporated into the classroom, the question is what is the right way to do it? The benefits of social media can be helpful to teachers as they try to connect their content to their students. One of the benefits is the teacher “can foster collaboration and discussion, create meaningful dialogue, exchange ideas, and boost student interaction.(Lederer, 2012)” Teachers can use social media such as Twitter and Facebook pages to reach students outside of their classroom. Students can access assignments at home and continue the learning and receive feedback. Social media also allows students “who rarely raise a hand in class may feel more comfortable expressing themselves on Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube.(Lederer, 2012)” For many students, social interactions are equally in person and virtual. Some students feel more comfortable completing tasks or being involved with discussions digitally. Social media can also be used professionally to develop a collaborative spirit among teachers. Teachers can follow each other’s twitter, wikis or blogs to share resources. I found a few great resources just by following some teachers as you can see below.

Twitter Board for students handmade tweets about a topic (Klein, 2014)

There are many positive impacts to using the relatable social media in the classroom. Conversely, there a many hurdles a teacher will encounter when trying to successfully integrate social media. Probably the number one concern for many teachers is that they see social media as a distraction. Many argue that social media tools “divert students' attention away from what's happening in class and are ultimately disruptive to the learning process(Lederer, 2012)” This can be a common occurrence in classrooms that are not as engaging to students as the students need to use social media. There are studies that can back up this idea such as the finding that “students who use social media had an average GPA of 3.06 while non-users had an average GPA of 3.82 and students who used social networking sites while studying scored 20% lower on tests.("Social Networking ProCon.org," n.d.)” Social media can also be used as a “weapon of malicious behavior” because students have access to each other 24/7 which can result in cyberbullying.(Lederer, 2012)”  Cyberbullying is always a part of the puzzle when decided how to integrate social media into schools.

When teachers are integrating social media into their classrooms, they need to do it in a way that engages their students. Students will produce better products knowing they will be publishing it with the world and be given feedback on it by peers. Social media has become a major part of their future adult lives. Americans now spend over “a total of 121.1 billion minutes on social networking sites” and who knows what the next social media will be("Social Networking ProCon.org," n.d.). Classrooms need to find ways to use social media in the classroom because students professional lives and college lives will be using social media. they need to learn how to use it to further their education, not because distracted better. The role of the classroom is to prepare students for real world society and can not ignore the reality that students use social media by not integrating relatable media into student learning.

References

Klein, E. (2014, April 29). Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest in the Classroom | Scholastic.com. Retrieved from http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/top-teaching/2014/04/twitter-instagram-and-pinterest-classroom

Lederer, K. (2012, January 19). Pros and Cons of Social Media in the Classroom. Retrieved from http://campustechnology.com/Articles/2012/01/19/Pros-and-Cons-of-Social-Media-in-the-Classroom.aspx?Page=1

Social Networking ProCon.org. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://socialnetworking.procon.org/

Pros and Cons of Social Media in the Classroom Notes

Resources:

• Guide to Using Twitter in Your Teaching Practice : KQED Education | KQED Public Media for Northern CA
• Free Technology for Teachers: Build an Audience for Your Students' Blogs Through QuadBlogging
  • QuadBlogging is a free service that matches four classrooms together to follow and comment on blog posts. Register your class for QuadBlogging and you will be matched with three other similar classrooms. After being matched, it is up to you and other teachers in your quad to continue the blogging relationship for as long as you would like.
• Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest in the Classroom | Scholastic.com
• Instagram
• but rather bulletin board examples and projects on display
• collaborative Pinterest board where we all pin resources. This makes it easy when we come together to plan for upcoming units.
• Twitter chats on a weekly basis
• to share our ideas with one another in a meaningful discussion.
• Twitter Board
• compose a tweet to share about their independent reading book. The idea was to try and “hook their audience.”
• mention the book/author by first putting the @ sign followed by the title of the book
• students had to compose a tweet of 140 characters to try and hook their peers.
• imagined what our characters would post on Instagram and wrote replies as other characters within the story.
• You can click here for the freebie printables to do your own Instagram bulletin board

Pros and Cons of Social Media in the Classroom -- Campus Technology

PROS

• Educational Tool
• With social media, instructors can foster collaboration and discussion, create meaningful dialogue, exchange ideas, and boost student interaction.
• Enhance Student Engagement
• Social media is an effective way to increase student engagement and build better communication skills. Students who rarely raise a hand in class may feel more comfortable expressing themselves on Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube.
• Improve Communication Among Students and Teachers
• Educators can answer students’ questions via a Facebook page or Twitter feed, post homework assignments and lesson plans, send messages and updates, schedule or announce upcoming events, and share interesting Web sites and multimedia content.
• Preparing Students for Successful Employment
• Students entering the workforce can use social networking sites to network and find employment.

CONS

• Social Media can be a Distraction
• A common complaint among educators is that social media is distracting in the classroom. These instructors maintain that tools like Facebook and Twitter divert students' attention away from what's happening in class and are ultimately disruptive to the learning process.
• social networking sites
• Cyberbullying
• can be a weapon of malicious behavior--even on college campuses
• almost 22 percent of college students admit to being harassed online.
• 25 percent report they were bullied through a social networking site.
• Discouraging Face-to-Face Communication
• Students may find themselves at a disadvantage during college admission or job interviews when they need to command attention and deliver a coherent message.
• This tech-savvy generation conducts much of their life through social media channels.As an educational tool, social media enriches the learning experience by allowing students and teachers to connect and interact in new, exciting ways.
• Critics argue that there are serious risks to using social media in the classroom.

Resource: Social Networking ProCon.org

Social Media Fast Facts

• Social networking sites are a top news source for 27.8% of Americans, ranking below newspapers (28.8%) and above radio (18.8%) and print publications (6%). [1]
• Students who used social networking sites while studying scored 20% lower on tests and students who used social media had an average GPA of 3.06 versus non-users who had an average GPA of 3.82. [84]
• 35 global heads of state, every US Cabinet agency, 84% of US state governors, every major candidate for US President, and more than 40% of top global religious leaders are on Twitter.
• In July 2012 Americans spent 74.0 billion minutes on social media via a home computer, 40.8 billion minutes via apps, and 5.7 billion minutes via mobile web browsers, a total of 121.1 billion minutes on social networking sites. [147]
• Students who are heavy social media users tend to have lower grades. Students who use social media had an average GPA of 3.06 while non-users had an average GPA of 3.82 and students who used social networking sites while studying scored 20% lower on tests. [84] College students’ grades dropped 0.12 points for every 93 minutes above the average 106 minutes spent on Facebook per day. [85] Two-thirds of teachers believe that social media does more to distract students than to help academically. [86]
• Social networking sites harm employees' productivity. 51% of people aged 25-34 accessed social media while at work. [147] Two-thirds of US workers with Facebook accounts access the site during work hours [107] Even spending just 30 minutes a day on social media while at work would cost a 50-person company 6,500 hours of productivity a year. [108] 51% of American workers think work productivity suffers because of social media. [109]
• Social networking provides academic research to a wider audience, allowing many people access to previously unavailable educational resources. Information previously restricted to academia's "ivory tower" can now be shared with the public who do not have access to restricted journals or costly databases. Researchers from a wide variety of fields are sharing photos, providing status updates, collaborating with distant colleagues, and finding a wider variety of subjects via social media, making the research process and results more transparent and accessible to a larger public. [59] [139]
• Social networking sites offer teachers a platform for collaboration with other teachers and communication with students outside the classroom. [63] [64] [65] More than 80% of US college and university faculty use social media; more than 50% use it for teaching; and 30% for communicating with students. [66] Educators from around the world interact with each other and bring guest teachers, librarians, authors, and experts into class via social networks like Twitter and social networking tools like Skype. [67] [68] Edmodo, an education-specific social networking site designed for contact between students, teachers, and parents, reached over ten million users on Sep. 11, 2012. [69]
• Using social media can harm students' chances for college admissions. College administrators scan Facebook profiles for evidence of illegal behavior by students. [134] [135] A 2012 Kaplan Test Prep survey found that 35% of college admissions officers discovered information like essay plagiarism, vulgarities, or illegal activities on social media that "negatively impacted prospective students' admission chances" (up from 12% in 2011). [76]

How Well Are Schools Using Social Media? [Infographic] - SocialTimes

Notes from the Study

One hundred percent of the colleges and universities studied were using social media in some form.

The most common tool used was Facebook, which is used by 98 percent of the schools that participated in the study. The other tools used were LinkedIn, Twitter, blogs and message boards. The study, which lasted three school years between 2008 and 2011, showed some especially large growth rates for Twitter and LinkedIn in the last year.

Twitter users reported that professors used the microblogging site to make announcements about class schedules and tests.

Professional networking, outreach to current and potential students, and school pride were among the reasons listed for engaging in social media. 

Social Media And Video Games In Classrooms Can Yield Valuable Data For Teachers

• Some worry that incorporating more social media and other technologies into education is leading to too much computer time, as well as to a generation of students deficient in the face-to-face social skills needed to survive in the workplace. Proponents say schools need to find ways to use these technologies to improve teaching and learning, or else risk losing the attention of digital natives.
• how social media, blogs and video games are improving education by increasing access to people and information in various forms, including Twitter feeds, blog posts, videos and books.
• also increasing people's ability to share information with networks and contribute their own thoughts
• video games create valuable "data exhaust" by tracking each student's progress.
• "The data you can get from a student interacting with the game is compelling," Squire said in the panel yesterday. "And it opens up an entire new area of formative assessment—and the mapping of formative assessments and learning analytics—to a game-type environment, which has been of a lot of interest, both private and public."
• teachers who can then use it to better understand their students and tailor instruction to meet individual needs.
• kids learning in the context of tutoring systems, that the system will be able to analyze that student's work and their understanding and be able to give the right kind of feedback at the right time to help them deepen their understanding,
• They suggested a day might come when students wouldn't go to a school building at all, but would instead learn exclusively from mobile devices and virtual teachers
• "I don't think schools are going to go away," she said. "Parents need to work, and you need a place to put the kids."

                            How Disney's Club Penguin Became the Biggest Social Network for Kids

• Club Penguin is part game site, part educational resource, part social network all centered around a fictional world made up of user-created penguins which act as avatars for the millions of kids (generally 8- to 11-year-olds) from more than 190 different countries around the world.
• Club Penguin is all about creating a digital space where kids can play, participate in events and socialize.
• It's also good for parents hoping to teach their kids a thing or two. Merrifield says the site actually helps kids improve their typing, reading and writing since so much of the site is understood through language.
• The site also promotes other lessons in responsibility, like how to take care of pets or keep a job. Players can adopt "Puffles" as companion pets, for example. These pets need to be fed and taken care of otherwise they run away.
• Club Penguin makes most of its money off subscription plans which range from $7.95 for one month to $59.95 for a year (about $5 a month).
• Is a site like Club Penguin a good teaching tool or a Disney cash grab?

• Students as young as 5th grade have been known to create their own Facebook accounts, bypassing the required account sign-up age of 13.The social aspect of these tools opens them up to a worldwide, authentic audience. Students can view videos and rate them. Once a video has been rated, viewers are encouraged to leave a comment for the creator. They are interactive. They allow for students to connect to one another in ways never before possible. Connecting is instantaneous through the internet or a smartphone. The world is at their fingertips. Gone are the days where the internet was only used for reading and searching for information. Today's students are now contributorsThere is one problem with social networking in schools: Many discourage its use. When students arrive to school each day, they are asked to power down. Many social networking websites are blocked.“Seeing Social Media More as a Portal Than as a Pitfall,” Klass (2012) says:  Though there are certainly real dangers, and though some adolescents appear to be particularly vulnerable, scientists are now turning to a more nuanced understanding of this new world. Many have started to approach social media as an integral, if risky, part of adolescence, perhaps not unlike driving. “Being literate…means being digitally literate,” says Chris Lehmann, principal of Science Leadership Academy, a public high school in Philadelphia that has been using social media since it opened in 2006. Sheninger (principal of New Milford High School) and others also say it is naïve to think that kids raised online will respond to school the same way as previous generations. “Kids are coming to us bored, disconnected, and it's a challenge for us to figure out how to leverage the tools inherent in the real-time Web,” he says.  It is about the students and learning. If the students are engaged and motivated by an authentic audience, why not try it? 

Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.

Technology Integrator Tools April 20th

Web Tools and Links for Technology Integrators

These resources can be used to integrate technology into existing lessons. Use the SAMR method to start your lesson creation with these tools.
SAMR in 120 Seconds - YouTube

Digital Products

• • Wordle.net

     http://www.wordle.net/
     Creative "word cloud" generator 
     

  • Glogster.com

     http://www.glogster.com/
     "Poster yourself" with multimedia 
     

  • Glogster.com/edu

     http://edu.glogster.com/
     Digital collage tools for schools 
     

  • Voicethread.com

     http://voicethread.com/#home
     Share images, docs & video 
     

  • Smilebox

     http://www.smilebox.com/
     Online scrapbooking & slideshows 
     

  • MakeBeliefsComix

     http://www.makebeliefscomix.com/
     Make-your-own comics 
     

  • Class Blogmeister

     http://www.classblogmeister.com/
     Blogging for classrooms 
  
  

  • WiZiQ

     http://www.wiziq.com/
     Share slides, whiteboards & more

Social Media Tools

• • Edmodo.com

     http://www.edmodo.com/
     Social platform for students & teachers 
     

  • Google Docs

     http://docs.google.com
     Real-time online collaboration 
     

  • Wikispaces.com

     http://www.wikispaces.com/site/privatelabel/k-12
     Create our own private wiki 
    

  • Ning.com

     http://www.ning.com/
     Create your own social network 
     

  • Classroom 2.0

     http://www.classroom20.com
     Online community for teachers 
  
  

  • Yugma.com

     https://www.yugma.com/
     Desktop sharing & collaboration 
     

  • SMART Board Revolution

     http://smartboardrevolution.ning.com/
     Whiteboard file-sharing 
     

  • CreativeCommons.com

     http://creativecommons.org/
     Share & remix media—legally

Mobile Tools

• • PollEverywhere.com

      Create real-time survey experiences at events using your mobile device. It's fun, fast and an easy way to get live responses in any venue. 
      

  • Phone.io

      Free voicemail, conference calling, podcasting, and more.  
     
     
  •  

    Jott.com

    
      Use your voice and Jott to get more done every day. Set reminders, read, share, organize, get voicemail as email and text--all via your voice.

Video Tools

• • Animoto.com

      Turn your photos and videos into wow! Animoto quickly produces beautifully orchestrated, completely unique video pieces from your photos, videos clips and music. Fast, free and very easy.  
      

  • Animoto.com/education

      Bring lessons to life with Animoto—specially designed with students, teachers and classroom audiences in mind.  
      

  
   
  •  

    PhotoPeach.com

    
      This easy, fun and free site allows you to create slideshows with built in polls and quizzes.

Presentation Tools

• • SlideShare

      http://www.slideshare.net/
     Already have a presentation? Use this tool to upload your PowerPoint or Keynote slides (and Adobe PDF Portfolios and SMART Board presentations) and share them. 
  
  

  • Prezi

      http://prezi.com/
     Break out of the box! Prezi.com throws the slide-show model out the window and presents a giant canvas instead. (It also throws paint brushes out the window in favor of bubbles.)  
     

  • Picsviewr

      http://www.picsviewr.com
     Looking to jazz up your presentation? Just export and upload it to Picsviewr and add some unexpected touches.

• Source: Discovery Education Web2014 : Web 2.0 Tools
• Source: Discovery Education Web2014 : Web 2.0 Tools - Related Links

Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.

PLN Diigo Notes 04/15/2014

This week's focus is on growing a Professional Learning Network. Below are links to resources with highlights from the website on this topic. Collaboration is the best method for improving the teaching craft and technology is making it easier than ever to connect with other professionals.

• The Power of Educational Technology: Ten Tips for Growing Your Learning Network
• Stages of PLN adoption | The Thinking Stick
  "Jeff Utecht"
  • Stages of Personal Learning Networks Adoption
    
    Stage 1 Immersion: Immerse yourself into networks. Create any and all networks you can find where there are people and ideas to connect to. Collaboration and connections take off.
    
    Stage 2 Evaluation: Evaluate your networks and start to focus in on which networks you really want to focus your time on. You begin feeling a sense of urgency and try to figure out a way to “Know it all.”
    
    Stage 3 Know it all: Find that you are spending many hours trying to learn everything you can. Realize there is much you do not know and feel like you can’t disconnect. This usually comes with spending every waking minutes trying to be connected to the point that you give up sleep and contact with others around you to be connected to your networks of knowledge.
    
    Stage 4 Perspective: Start to put your life into perspective. Usually comes when you are forced to leave the network for awhile and spend time with family and friends who are not connected (a vacation to a hotel that does not offer a wireless connection, or visiting friends or family who do not have an Internet connection).
    
    Stage 5 Balance: Try and find that balance between learning and living. Understanding that you can not know it all, and begin to understand that you can rely on your network to learn and store knowledge for you. A sense of calm begins as you understand that you can learn when you need to learn and you do not need to know it all right now.
  • PLNs are very powerful, but they are not all there is to life…
    
• There's No Such Thing As Offline?!? | Idea Channel | PBS Digital Studios - YouTube
  • From Facebook to bank accounts, you always have some sort of online presence, whether you're actively engaging in front of a screen or not. Yet this is still a word we use to describe our engagement with the Internet. So we have to ask, is this online/offline distinction even worth making? Because we may need to re-evaluate the very word "ONLINE"...
• TESL-EJ June 2008 -- Trial by Twitter
  • Twitter is currently (in this present nanosecond) the most popular of the genre of 'microblogging'
  • effective part of Twitter is the immediate feedback when you have a question or comment that you need to “get out there”
  • I'll learn a new concept or try out a new tool, or I'll make a new contact. Working in this way doors will open to other doors I didn't know existed.
  • On the flip side, productivity can suffer if one does not appropriately balance the lure of the constant feed-stream with the discipline to address tasks requiring focus.
  • Due to its wide traction, Twitter users sometimes make news in the way they spread news;

Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here.

Your Digital Footprint and Digital Citizenship

            In contemporary society, people are continually creating digital footprints. More and more daily life tasks are being completed online through technology and are also being tracked. This does not need to be a statement of alarm like big brother is watching, instead, it is a matter of truth. In the video, "Digital Dossier" which can be watched below, our digital footprints start before we are born. In the video, many of our requirements for passing through life are now digitally recorded. This starts from sonograms at five months until your death. We are the controllers of our digital footprint and amass many steps in our lives whether we know it or we don't. This has made me think about what my digital footprint is. I know that my generation experienced the Facebook age in the middle of their college years and before that it was Myspace. My parents still had the photo-books and VHS of Christmases and sports games. Now my friends who have kids post everything about them on a daily basis. That kid is going to have their whole life recorded from the day they are born through social media. It will be so much easier for their parents to pull up that embarrassing picture to their first significant other than it was for my parents who had to look through boxes of albums. My generation is lucky in a way because they were given this technology with only a few years to make ill-informed decisions with it. Everyone has those embarrassing college Facebook posts. Now that I am a homeowner and a professional, Facebook and other digital footprints take on a whole new meaning. Credit scores and paying bills are now the most important footprints as these follow us our whole life. People need to be informed of the footprint they are making in the digital world more than ever and learning to be a digital citizen should be the goal of any educational institution. 

            Students who are considered digital natives already have digital footprints before they even know what one is. New reports found that these students spend over "50 hours a week on digital media"("Digital Nation," 2009). This means students have over fifty hours a week to make a permanent footprint in the digital world, one that could change their future. Couple this idea with the fact that this generation of students are more apt to be able to see digital experiences as real experiences, gives more support that digital citizenship curriculums should be taught in all schools at the earliest age that they are accessing technology. One study showed that students at a young age that were introduced to a virtual experience of swimming with whales were more likely to recall that event as a real event that happened to them when asked two weeks later("Digital Nation," 2009). This is a characteristic of the new generation that they can seamlessly connect real and virtual experiences into their lives. I had students talking the other day about a video game match they had with each other and the way they were talking about it made me assume that they were all playing at one of their houses. In fact, they were all at their own houses connected by the internet and headsets.  Students now have the ability to interact with anyone in the world and need to be taught how to interact safely. They need to know what type of information they should give out on the web and understand what actions can be permanent. They need to learn that anonymity is not a known quantity in the digital world. Everything can be tracked and they have to interact as digital citizens in a way that will not jeopardize their future or their safety. Posters like below are great reminders for different age levels on what is appropriate to share as well as the resources found if you click on the poster. 

Click on the Poster for Digital Citizenship Curriculum Resources.

               Lastly, Digital Citizenship needs to be viewed the same as getting a driver's license. One source said "life is full of risk, which is why most new drivers are expected to take a driver education course" (Lindsey & Davis, 2010). I believe this is a valid analogy. Motor vehicles are a lot like using technology. When used properly, they allow you the reach destinations in shorter times than before and connect you to people you would not be able to interact with because of the distance they were from you. In the beginning, you are reliant on your parental guardians to drive you where you need to be but eventually they will teach and trust you to use the car on your own. If you make a mistake driving a car or do something you shouldn't do, it can affect your life forever. If you re-read those statements and substitute technology for the motor vehicle, they would still be true. Students need to be taught how to navigate the digital world and then be trusted to make decisions. A digital citizenship class should be implemented in schools just like a driver's ed class is needed to drive. No one believes that a student is inherently capable of driving a car without training. This should be the same belief with technology. If we allow students to learn in the classroom how to be digital citizens, "they develop appropriate online content and global citizenship along with digital fluency" which will help them be aware of their digital footprints (Lindsey & Davis, 2010). I agree with the statement in Digital Nation that "Technology is a powerful tool, Students need to know how to use it but also what it is doing to them("Digital Nation," 2009)." They need to know how their actions in the digital world affect them just like they need to know why they need to stop at a Stop sign, yield to left turning traffic or what a yield sign means when they are driving. Only when students learn how to be digital citizens, can they be successful with such a powerful tool as technology.   

Works Cited

Digital Citizenship Poster for Middle and High School Classrooms. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.commonsensemedia.org/educators/middlehigh_poster

Digital Nation. (2009, June 3). Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/digitalnation/view/

Lindsey, J., & Davis, V. (2010, April). Navigate the Digital Rapids. Retrieved from http://www.iste.org/learn/publications/learning-leading/issues/march-april-2010/navigate-the-digital-rapids

Youth and Media - Digital Dossier. (2008, August 13). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=79IYZVYIVLA